Mecca City is located in the Western side of the Saudi Arabia Kingdom, and it can be reached via Jeddah city in the western side at 75km away, and it is its naval and airway gate, and surrounded from the south east by El Ta’ef City above El Hijaz mountains’ hills 80km away, and to its north is located the epithet of Medina which is about 400km away, and connected to Mecca via a two-way land road

Mecca is located on the joint of latitude 22.2 to the north with longitude 39.8 and the joint of latitude 82.21 and longitude 54.37 to the east; and this location is considered one of the most complicated geological formations, and Mecca is more than 300m above sea level.
Mecca population is about 850 thousand person according to year 1991 AD estimation, so it is considered the third of the Saudi Cities regarding population. Its area is about 6.50 hectare.

Geologically speaking, Mecca is located within the formations of the Arabian Shield which is formed of the Old Base rocks that form most of the mountains that surround the City and which occupy most of the Mecca City area; as to the valleys, they constitute the remaining area of Mecca… Most of these valleys follows the fractures and cracks movement that haunted the Arabian Shield in the old geological times

Mecca is considered a transitional region among the influences of the Mediterranean climate and the seasonal climate. And the region is influenced during summer time with the orbital fronts and the annual temperature average reaches about 31 degrees. Temperature degree differs among one season and another, where it may reach during summer time 48 degrees, while it decreases during winter to 18 degrees. As to rain water in Mecca, it is a desert raining pattern which is characterized mostly by irregularity either in abundance or time of falling